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Summarize - article Example30 female and 39 male participants completed all the requirements and were included in the information analysis (Tate 2008, p. 19).In assessing self-monitoring, the synder and Gangestads version of a self-monitoring scale was used (Tate 2008, p. 19). A measure of true(p) leadership was created during the research because no such measures were in existence. The created measure was based on Georges five characteristics of bona fide leadership that are passion for the purpose, leading with heart, demonstrating self-discipline, practicing solid values, and establishing enduring relationships. The responses were using the 5-point Likert-type scale (Tate 2008, p. 19). To test hypotheses 5, 3, and 1 of the research, correlational analysis was used while hypotheses 4 and 2 were tested using Hierarchical ocean liner Modeling (Tate 2008, p. 20).The results failed to support hypotheses 5, 3, and 1. There was no substantial correlation between perceptions of leader ship and self-monitoring. Based on the results, neither authentic leadership nor self-monitoring correlated with self-rated perceptions of leadership. Leadership perceptions over era were, however, positively related to all measurement times (Tate 2008, p. 21). The researcher concluded that the variations on how individuals are seen as leaders by others have effects on leadership practice (Tate 2008, p. 27).