Project Management at MM

Setting the Scene for Great Writing

Setting the Scene for Great Writing The setting is the place and time in which the action of a narrative takes place. Its also called the scene or creating a sense of place. In a work of creative nonfiction, evoking a sense of place is an important persuasive technique: A storyteller persuades by creating scenes, little dramas that occur in a definite time and place, in which real people interact in a way that furthers the aims of the overall story, says Philip Gerard in Creative Nonfiction: Researching and Crafting Stories of Real Life (1996). Examples of Narrative Setting The first den was a rock cavity in a lichen-covered sandstone outcrop near the top of a slope, a couple of hundred yards from a road in Hawley. It was on posted property of the Scrub Oak Hunting Club dry hardwood forest underlain by laurel and patches of snow in the northern Pocono woods. Up in the sky was Buck Alt. Not long ago, he was a dairy farmer, and now he was working for the Keystone State, with directional antennae on his wing struts angled in the direction of bears. John McPhee, Under the Snow in Table of Contents (1985)We hunted old bottles in the dump, bottles caked with dirt and filth, half buried, full of cobwebs, and we washed them out at the horse trough by the elevator, putting in a handful of shot along with the water to knock the dirt loose; and when we had shaken them until our arms were tired, we hauled them off in somebodys coaster wagon and turned them in at Bill Andersons pool hall, where the smell of lemon pop was so sweet on the dark pool-hall air that I am sometimes awakened by it in the night, even yet.Smashed wheels of wagons and buggies, tangles of rusty barbed wire, the collapsed perambulator that the French wife of one of the towns doctors had once pushed proudly up the planked sidewalks and along the ditchbank paths. A welter of foul-smelling feathers and coyote-scattered carrion which was all that remained of somebodys dream of a chicken ranch. The chickens had all got some mysterious pip at the same time, and died as one, and the dream lay out there with the rest of the towns history to rustle to the empty sky on the border of the hills. Wallace Stegner, The Town Dump in Wolf Willow: A History, a Story, and a Memory of the Last Plains Frontier (1962) This is the nature of that country. There are hills, rounded, blunt, burned, squeezed up out of chaos, chrome and vermilion painted, aspiring to the snowline. Between the hills lie high level-looking plains full of intolerable sun glare, or narrow valleys drowned in a blue haze. The hill surface is streaked with ash drift and black, unweathered lava flows. After rains water accumulates in the hollows of small closed valleys, and, evaporating, leaves hard dry levels of pure desertness that get the local name of dry lakes. Where the mountains are steep and the rains heavy, the pool is never quite dry, but dark and bitter, rimmed about with the efflorescence of alkaline deposits. A thin crust of it lies along the marsh over the vegetating area, which has neither beauty nor freshness. In the broad wastes open to the wind the sand drifts in hummocks about the stubby shrubs, and between them the soil shows saline traces. Mary Austin, The Land of Little Rain (1903) Observations on Setting the Scene Grounding the reader: Nonfiction has done a much better job in terms of setting the scene, I think. ...Think of all the splendid nature writing, and adventure writing from Thoreau to  Muir to Dillard  ... where we have fine settings of scenes. Setting the scene precisely and well is too often overlooked in memoir. Im not sure exactly why. But we the readers want to be grounded. We want to know where we are. What kind of world were in. Not only that, but it is so often the case in nonfiction that the scene itself is a kind of character. Take the Kansas of Truman Capotes  In Cold Blood, for example. Capote takes pains right at the beginning of his book to set the scene of his multiple murders on the plains and wheat fields of the Midwest. Richard Goodman, The Soul of Creative Writing  2008)Creating a world: The setting of a piece of writing, whether fiction or nonfiction, poetry or prose, is never some realistic snapshot of a place. ... If you were to describe with the utmo st accuracy every structure in a city ... and then went on to describe every stitch of clothing, every piece of furniture, every custom, every meal, every parade, you would still not have captured anything essential about life. ... As a young reader, place gripped you. You wandered with Huck, Jim, and Mark Twain down an imagined Mississippi through an imagined America. You sat in a dreamy, leafy wood with a sleepy Alice, as shocked as she when the White Rabbit bustled by with no time to spare. ... You traveled intensely, blissfully, and vicariously because a writer took you somewhere. Eric Maisel, Creating an International World: Using Place in Your Nonfiction in Now Write! Nonfiction: Memoir, Journalism and Creative Nonfiction Exercises, ed. by Sherry Ellis (2009) Shop talk: A thing I never know when Im telling a story is how much scenery to bung in. Ive asked one or two scriveners of my acquaintance, and their views differ. A fellow I met at a cocktail party in Bloomsbury said that he was all for describing kitchen sinks and frowsy bedrooms and squalor generally, but for the beauties of Nature, no. Whereas, Freddie Oaker, of the Drones, who does tales of pure love for the weeklies under the pen-name of Alicia Seymour, once told me that he reckoned that flowery meadows in springtime alone were worth at least a hundred quid a year to him. Personally, Ive always rather barred long descriptions of the terrain, so I will be on the brief side. P.G. Wodehouse, Thank You, Jeeves (1934)

Personal Organisational Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Personal Organisational Development - Essay Example However, the country currently induces foreign investors in its economy, which has led significant growth. Currently, the country’s economic prospects ranges at 78% for the service sector, and a reserve valued at ?250 billion (Great Britain, 2012, p, 57). These advantages translate into increased balance of payment for the country. Further, it is economically sound to rate UK as one of the best countries to secure employment opportunities due to its broad spectrum of industries. Through the establishment of the Keynesian theory towards an evaluation of the UK economy, it is evident that the UK economy holds diverse employment opportunities to graduates. The theoretical approach stipulates that, during the short run and long run periods, productivity of the economy will shape up to conform with the desired increase in investment thus propelling the growth of opportunities. The implementation of the theory in transforming the economy is vital since it declares that supply may re main constant during an increase in the level of demand for employment opportunities. Therefore, the constant supply of labour force from graduates will lead to an increase in its demand, which consequently results to high salary offers, decreased unemployment levels reduced rate of inflation (Yaeger and Sorensen, 2009, p, 114). Despite the economic crisis witnessed in the previous period, UK’s investment growth and the constant maintenance in population translates to unlimited opportunities for graduates from different careers. Finance companies in the UK seem to be engaging on continued promotion of their services while neglecting the fact that the sector suffers broadly from crises. It is evident that the corporations derive challenges from the increased number of unpaid loans while the employee population, demand for salary increment to match the escalating costs of living. The corporations admit that the prospective employees who qualify after the recruitment should be k nowledgeable of the past financial performances. Since the year 2005, the economy of UK witnessed a slight increase in the rate of unemployment at a level of 7.3% with a 1.3% emanating from the financial sector. Arguably, the country’s wealth of diverse investments helped it to recover from the GDP deficit rated at 1.2% in the unemployment levels. Predictions of a continuous rate of reduced unemployment among the citizens seemed ill to the extent that the economy realized a high of 7.8% and a low of 7.3% in 2008-2012. Analyses depict that the concurrent changes in the employment sector of the economy are implicit on the exchange rates of the GBP. Anticipations of the UK financial sector as presumed by economic advisers are that the country would recover the employment rates and eradicate unemployment through implementation of foreign policies. For example, they derived an understanding that the country’s reserves were instrumental in reshaping the employment levels thr ough an increase in funding and reducing the sovereign debt. This implicates on increased advantage of exchange rates over other foreign currencies for example, the American dollar. They implied that the foreign exchange advantage would lead to an increase in the GDP and per capita incomes (Duckworth andTummons, 2010, p, 42). This would implicate at immediate increased employment rates. However, the increase in the debts that befell the finance industry

MKTG 406 = MID EXAM & FINAL EXAM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

MKTG 406 = MID EXAM & FINAL EXAM - Assignment Example This can be anything, a stable income or job, etc. The next level of needs which is requirement by the person is the need of love and society. The sense of belongingness is his concern at this stage. He or she starts a family and wants to become a part of the society. The next step in the level of needs is the requirement of self esteem. The person wishes to have a successful carrier and wants to be known for his success. He or she thinks himself or herself to be special. Once the self esteem stage has been achieved, the person goes on to the final level of needs known as the self-actualization. This need is way more important than anything; the aspirations come into play over here. Now having discussed the Maslow’s Hierarchy, let us go on to relating these 5 levels of needs with marketing. As the person goes through the different level of needs, he is always influenced by the some products or services at some point of time. In the first step where the person is looking for the basic needs such as food and shelter, he or she will try to select a food is cheap at the same time nutritious, the advertisement displayed or shown will play a major role in his choice. Similarly, in the second stage the person is looking for security and safety. The security can job or life insurance. Again in this situation, the various firms will try to divert his or her mind to purchase their product or services by saying how different and exclusive their services are. This way the person may or may not get manipulated in purchasing the above services. Again in the next three stages also there are various forms of marketing involved which are used against the consumers. For e xample Vodafone might call a person saying that he or she is their most valued customer and that is he or she is being offered a new mobile connection free of charge. This in return tends to affect the person emotionally and the person will most likely go ahead with the deal. Another

Common Health Problems of Older Adults Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Common Health Problems of Older Adults - Essay Example To overcome these issues, achieve and maintain high wellness levels, health promotion and illness prevention measures must be practiced. This paper will discuss the health issues associated with older adults and the suggested ways of overcoming them. Although the human body’s minimum nutritional requirements are generally consistent through different ages, several exceptions exist. For example, a common problem among older adults arises from the disruption in the ability to absorb, use and store calcium, vitamins D, C and A (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). Therefore, their dietary intake should essentially accommodate that requirement. Because of their reduced activity and metabolic rate, body weight may increase, which necessitates the intake of less calories. All these dietary and nutritional needs must be balanced to avoid the risk of problems related to nutrition. This problem is highlighted by the fact that as one ages, the ability to consume necessary nutrients is negatively affected by the failing ability to taste and smell food, often leading to the loss of desire to eat. For example, older adults can consume excess sugar or salt with the possible risk of getting obese (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). This calls for their carers to introduce them to balanced diets and healthy selections of food such as substituting herbs and spices with season foods. Another significant dietary problem is caused by the loss of teeth or wrongly fitted dentures, which may be a result of yet another dietary issue arising from inadequate intake of calcium. This becomes a problem because the older adults will avoid foods they cannot chew, overlooking their nutritional values. Unless properly guided and supervised by carers, older adults will tend to consume softer foods that may contain more calories and less roughage such as mashed potatoes and ice cream. The

How Firewalls Mitigate Attacks

How Firewalls Mitigate Attacks Network Security is the process by which digital information assets are protected. If the network security is compromise, severe consequences could occur such as loss of confidential information [6]. To protect the networks the goal of security should be maintain integrity, protect confidentiality and ensure availability [5]. To begin the network security process, you have to first develop security policy and access rules. This policy must identify clearly the network security objectives of the organization. Network Security includes security management, computer system security, data security, and network devices security [1]. Due to the tremendous growth of E-business and the internet all small or large organizations finding it very important to have web presence to compete in todays market. But connecting to the internet means that companys private network will be connected to the outside world [8]. This makes the private network vulnerable to attacks from the internet. As in the case of E-business Companys web server must connect to the internet to provide WebPages to customers. This makes the web or file server susceptible to attacks. The network engineering must defend the network against threats such as viruses, worm, Trojan horse, theft of information, misuse of resources, access control. Now a days access to the Internet without the firewall is same as leaving your house door open to let anyone come inside. As the information theft or identify theft is all time high, computers networks need protection. To provide defence from the intruders or hackers a special device was needed. That is why the device called Firewall was introduced in back in 1988 [17]. Currently there are many different kinds of firewalls in the market. These firewalls not only different in cost but their functionalities are different as well. For an organization it is hard to pick up one firewall and considered protected against attacks. This report explain you different types of firewalls and their functionality. The following figure displays the firewall is placed between the Internet and the private network to provide network security and protecting from attacks. Network Security Policy: As everyone want to protect their network and the information in the network so we should have some kind of rules to define that what is acceptable or what is not acceptable on the network [1]. To apply these rules or procedures we first need to have a security policy. Having a good and detailed security is the excellent start of network security. After the creation of policy we need implement this security policy to provide the technical control. Because if this hardware or software devices is needed to provide the protection. A firewall is used to apply this security policy on the network Securing Network with Firewall: Technical controls are the most important part of the network security program because it provides a protection against the attacks and keeps network safe. Firewall is one of the main types of device to provide technically or physically control the network traffic. What is a firewall: The term firewall originally comes from firewalls which protect the fire from spreading to the other part of the building[4]. A firewall is a device in the network which divide or separate the trusted network (Private network) form the untrusted network (outside network). The firewall can be special devices such as hardware firewall or may be computer runing firewall software. The main aim of the firewall implementation is to protect the network from countless threats and only allow authoried traffic going in or out of the networks. Firewall can be used as standalone devices or can be configure on gateway router on the network such as Cisco PIX firewall [5]. The following figure display the firewall filter traffic by letting only authorized traffic in the network and rejecting unauthorized traffic at the network boundary. How Firewalls mitigate attacks? The main aim of the firewall technology is to protect the sensitive information moving between the two networks [4]. In a real world scenario firewall is placed between a private network and internet to prevent attacks. Firewall is one of the most essential barriers that can defend computer networks from many threats. The firewall at the perimeter of the network is the first line of defence against external attacks. To mitigate the attacks the firewall divides the network into two zones: Trusted Zone: authorized users in the private network or a private network. Least trusted Zone: users from the Internet trying to access the private network. The simple firewall job is to either permit or deny the traffic based on the access rules [4]. Permit: the authorized traffic is allowed in the network according to the predefined access rules. Deny: the unauthorized traffic stop at the firewall and information is sent to network administrator or discarded. The above figure displays that hoe firewall filter the traffic according to the specified criteria. Protecting network with Firewall: Firewalls filter the traffic transfers between two or more than two networks. It can divide the network into protected or unprotected areas. The firewall consider as good firewall if it can protect network from following vulnerabilities: Firewall should provide protection against attacks from outside the network. E.g. internet. Firewall should protect the network from any type of internal attacks. Firewall should grant access to the users according to the access privilege level users posses [4]. Firewall should stop unauthorised users to access the resources. Hardware and Software Firewalls: There are two main categories of firewalls: Hardware firewall and Software firewall [5]. Depending on the network requirements different firewall is used. Each of these firewalls has its own benefits. Both of these firewalls have the same aim of providing the secure communication. In the organization you can you either hardware or software or for better results combination of hardware and software firewall can be used. Hardware Firewalls: As the name hardware explain itself that it is a hardware firewall device. The hardware firewall is a special device which is normally placed near the gateway router of the network or between two networks to control the traffic flow. Before placing it on the network it is configure with the access policy or security rules on the firewall. When it activated on the network it controls of the network traffic going in or out of the network. The hardware firewall examine the incoming packet and compare with the access rules to decide either allow or discard the packet [11]. It is mostly used in large businesses and best suit for multinational companies. The following figure displays the hardware firewall providing network security form the Internet. Advantages: Hardware firewall has different operating system which is the independent of normal system such as Microsoft OS. Microsoft windows operating systems and other common OS have much vulnerability [11]. But hardware firewalls dont use common OS so it is hard for attacker to have successful attack. The other benefit of this is it faster than the other types of firewalls and easy to implement on the network [11]. Disadvantages: The main disadvantage of the hardware firewall is that it is one point of failure. If the hardware firewalls fail than all the traffic on the network will stop. No traffic can go in or out of the network. The other disadvantage is that if attacker hack the firewall he can control the traffic going in or out of the network. The most hardware firewalls cost more than the software firewall and specially trained staff is required to manage the device make the overall cost higher. Also most of these hardware firewalls are designed by different companies so that each of these needs different configuration and maintenance. The network administrative needs to learn about that specific firewall before placing it into the network and must have knowledge of how to administer the firewall deceive [11]. Software Firewalls: Software firewall is a special software firewall program that can be install on the devices such as router, server or PC. Once it is installed and configure properly it works that same way as hardware firewall. It examines the traffic and allows or denies access according to the predefined access rules to determine whether the packet has permission to access the network or not. The consideration must be taken when installing the software firewall on the existing devices because software firewall going to use the CPU and other resources on the devices [11]. Make sure the device have sufficient hardware resources to provide excellent performance in this environment. If there are not enough resources available for software firewall to operate, this can impact the network performance. Also as the attacks and vulnerabilities changes because attacks try different or new methods to attacks on the network so that the software firewall need to upgraded to provide the complete protection against new threats on the networks. It is best suitable for small businesses and home networks. Because it is easy to implement and no special hardware is required. The following figure displays the computer or router running the software firewall providing network security. Advantages: As the software firewall can be installed on the existing network devices so it normally cost less than the hardware firewall. There are many free software firewall programs on the internet which can be downloaded on the PC for free. Disadvantages: Software firewalls share the system resources with other applications running on the computer. It can impact the performance of the computer if there are no enough resources. Most of the times software firewall companies give free firewall application provide basic network protection only. To get the full protection against all attacks you have to pay for the advance services. The other disadvantage of the software firewall is run on existing operation system, so it can be very vulnerable to have same king of attacks as on operating systems [11]. Different Types of Firewalls: After defining the two major categories of firewall, now the next part of the report explain the types of firewall based upon how firewall filter packets and its behaviour in the network security. In this report TCP/IP model is used to define the process of how packets are treated and filter by different types of firewalls. Packet-filtering Firewall: This was the first type of firewall to protect the networks. Packet filtering firewall check the source and destination IP address of the packet and let the packets in or out according to the security policy of the organization [8]. Normally gateway router on the network edge is used to filter these packets. Access control list (ACL) can be configured on the router to act like packet filtering firewall. Based on the access rules router can allow or deny access into the network. The following figure displays the incoming coming packet can be filter based on the specified rules such as IP address, packet types and port number. Advantages: It the simplest form of the firewall and easy to implement on the network. When Packet filtering firewall is placed in the network it will not slow the network down and users of the network will not feel the difference in network performance. Disadvantages: This was the first type of firewall introduced for the networks. As it check the layer 3 address in the packet and let the packet in or denied access according to the security policy. IP spoofing is technique to spoof the IP address to any IP address you like to change. Hackers can use IP spoofing software to get the access through the packet filtering firewall. The other problem with packet filtering firewall is that it does not know who is using the service. Recommended Usage: Packet filtering firewall is used in low security environment or when the cost is an issue. It can be implemented on the router to save money but this kind of firewall should not be used in high security environment. Good for small businesses or filter traffic within the organization. Stateful Inspection Firewall The stateful firewall checks and monitors the state of the connections between source and destination [4]. It is the most complex type of firewall. This type of firewall can monitor all kinds of connections e.g. connection initiation, connection termination and information transfer [4]. It can perform the multilayer inspection. In multilayer inspection the packets first checked at the Internet Protocol layer (Layer 3 of the TCP/IP model) if the packet is granted access than it can also perform the second check at the application layer (Layer 5 of the TCP/IP model). It can inspect the TCP or UDP sessions and keep monitor these session between the source and destination. When the packet first arrived at the firewall it inspects the protocols in the packet and authorized or denied the packet according to the network security policy. If the packet is authorized than it keeps the information about the sources, destination, port number and TCP sequence number in the record table. E.g. Cisco Pix firewall The following figure displays the incoming coming packet can be filter based on the specified application rules. Advantages: It is more secure than the packet filtering because it can not only do the deep inspection of the packets but also keeps records of each session. Disadvantages: It can slow the network down because all traffic goes through firewall and this kind of firewall is expensive. The other disadvantage is the when packet inside the network go outside the hackers can capture the packet and examines the internal IP address in the packet header. This can give hacker some information about the IP address scheme used in the network. This information leads towards the some sort of attack on the network. But NAT can be used to resolve this problem with stateful firewall. Recommended Usage: This kind of firewall is good for networks that required high level of security. Mostly used by the medium and large size organization where audit of each session is required. Application-level Gateway Application level firewall was design to provide more security to the network by checking all layers of the TCP/IP model. As the packet switching firewall only examine the incoming packet up to Internet protocol layer of but application layer firewall provide security checking up to application layer. The application firewall is a dedicated computer also known as proxy server. Proxy server proxy for external services request for internal services and proxy exchange information with internal network [1]. The main advantage is that it hides the internal network from the outsiders. A proxy service has two important components: proxy server and proxy client [3] The job of the proxy server is to accept connection from one side of the network and connect to the other side of the network. Proxy Server first checks if the connection or host is allowed or not, if host is allowed than the proxy server makes the second connection to the destination host on the other side of the network. In this way the source host is connected indirectly to destination host via proxy server. This indirect connection between source and destination hide the valuable information about the internal network to pass on to external network. Advantage: As Application layer firewall filter up to application later, it can understand variety of different application so that checks can be perform on the content of the different application traffic for effect results. Disadvantages: If there are too many users in the network proxy services may slow the network down. The following figure displays the incoming coming packet can be filter based on the specified application rules. For example you can stop the HTTP traffic and allow all other protocol. With the application firewall you have more control to filter traffic based on the protocols. Recommended Usage: This kind of firewall is good for networks that required high level of security such as Banking. Mostly used by the medium and large size organization. It cost more than the packet filtering firewall. Circuit-Level Gateway Circuit level firewall is more advance form of packet filtering firewall because it can examine the incoming packet in more detail. It also provides more protection against attacks as compare with packet filtering firewall. Circuit level firewall not only checks the IP address, port number but it also checks the TCP handshake status between source and destination hosts and keep record of the TCP handshake [12]. This type of firewall checks TCP handshake connection status before authorizing the access. The circuit level firewall works at the TCP layer (Layer 4 of TCP/IP model). Because it need to examines the TCP handshake between hosts and open the session between hosts. The source host start the connection, when the packet arrived at the gateway; the gateway examines the connection information in the IP packet. The gateway find the match of the packet with the in security policy predefined on the gateway. If the packet gets permission to enter in the network the gateway makes the 2nd connection to the destination host. When the IP packet arrives at the destination it has the source address as the address of the gateway [12]. The following figure displays the traffic is only allowed if the session is initiated by the authorized host on the network otherwise all other traffic will be denied. Advantages: The circuit level gateway provides better protection against some attacks such as IP spoofing which packet filtering firewall cannot detect. It checks each TCP session and open the port manage all the incoming and outgoing connection. Because of that no unauthorized traffic allowed in the network it is considers protected network. The other main circuit level gateway benefit is that it hides the IP address of the trusted network from the un-trusted networks because outside host only get the source IP as the gateway address. E.g. Network Address Translation (NAT) Disadvantages: The main problem with this kind of firewall is that it does not check the content of the packet. This means that the in the packet the content may be some kind of virus or worm. Because of this reason authorized host mistake can bring virus in the network. Recommended Usage: This kind of firewall is good for networks that required high level of security. Mostly used by the medium and large size organization. Network router can be used to act as a firewall but for large organizations separate firewall devices is recommended. Comparison between different firewalls: Firewall type or cost vary depends on the size of the organization and type or access required. My investigation is based upon for medium size company. Now a day firewalls are very advance piece of equipment that has most the function in one device. E.g. IDS, IPS Hardware firewall So many different types are available in market, depend on the type can filter based upon IP address Yes it can Depends upon the security policy the firewall can filter incoming or outgoing traffic. These are mostly proprietor devices so the network administrator must learn to manage. Cisco ACE 4710 HARDWARE-0.5GBPS-100  £1083 Expensive because it comes with the special hardware device. Software firewall YES Yes it can filter Yes it is easy to operate. Cisco PIX Firewall Software  £248 Relatively cheaper that hardware firewall Packet filtering firewall YES NO Basic firewall cannot filter ports. If configure to filter it can check either incoming or outgoing or both traffic. Yes it is easy to operate. Netgear SRX5308-100EUS ProSafe Quad WAN Gigabit SSL VPN Firewall  £347 One of the basic type, you can find this firewall cheaper. Stateful firewall YES YES YES YES Cisco ASA 5505 Security appliance Unlimited Firewall Edition Bundle  £441.36 Expensive but provide good level of protection Application level firewall YES YES Easy to manage GUI based interface which makes it to configure SonicWALL NSA 220  £644.00 Expensive but provide good level of protection Circuit level firewall YES YES YES Easy to manage GUI based interface which makes it to configure Cisco ASA 5505 Firewall Edition Bundle security appliance  £566.15 Expensive but provide good level of protection Recommendation and Implementation: Firewall design principles: The first thing to remember that firewall is good only if it is configured properly but before buying and placing the firewall in the network you should know the answer of the following questions. What type of network it is and what are the network requirements? What is kind of information you have in the network? What level of protection is required? Where to place the firewall in the network? Firewall Basing: There are many choices to place the firewall in the network. The following part of the report explains the best placement of the firewall. Bastion Host The bastion host is a computer system that is used on the network especially on the local area network. It is normally installed after the first firewall. This system is designed in such a way that all the traffic has to go through it. As all communication of the private LAN go through it is designed to harden against attacks from outside. It runs the secure version of operating system and record of the audit information [18]. The following figure displays the bastion host in the network. All traffic in or out of the private LAN is going through the bastion host. Figure 11 Bastion host example [Ref: 13] Host-Based Firewalls The host based firewall is designed to protect the individual host in the network [4]. This kind of firewall mostly used for the servers [18] or other important host in the network to provide another layer to defense against the attacks. Host based firewall normally comes with the operating system or because it is software based so you can also buy and install on the host. This is the most effect solution to prevent the individual host in the network. Because most of the attacks now a days comes from the inside of the organization network. So the firewall at the boundary cannot protect from these internal attacks. By installing the host based firewall on host can defend host against security violation and control the traffic according to the access rules. As it is on the host itself it can protect host from both inside and external attacks. The other benefit of host based firewall is that it can be designed and configure according to the host requirement. The reason is that as some host on the network has different operating system or different needs e.g. servers. The disadvantage to have host based firewall on host is that host processes each packet which is CPU intensive. This traffic checking process can slow the performance of the individual host. The following figure display each host in the network has host-based firewall to gives extra protection to the individual host according to their needs. Figure 12 Host based Firewall [Ref: 14] Personal Firewall It is application software that can be installed on the computer or host. Once activated on the computer it examines the traffic going in or out of the computer. User control this firewall through GUI based application and configures the required level of security. It can allow or deny the traffic as defined by the user. There are many free personal firewalls available on the internet which can be downloaded from the internet. E.g. AVG antivirus is free and comes with basic personal firewall. The other thing you must remember that it is design to protect one host, this means that personal firewall need to install on every host on the network. This is not very scalable in the large network that is why it is mostly use for personal computers in homes or for small office. The following figure display the example of the Norton personal firewall. Figure 13 Personal Firewall Example [Ref: 15] Firewalls in network design: There are many solutions available here are some of the important ones: Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) design: The Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) is the special area which is designed between two networks. DMZ provides protection against outside and inside attacks. The external firewall is used to protect the network and the internal firewall is used protect the network from inside attacks; the secure area is created between the two firewalls. In the large organizations this area is used to keep the servers such as web server or file servers so that the authorized outside users can access the network. In really you are creating three zones: Outside zone (Internet) Intermediate zone (DMZ) Inside zone (Private network) You can see from the figure below that two firewalls are use to create DMZ. Figure 14 Firewall Implementation in DMZ design [Ref: 17] Fault tolerant firewall design: The following design can be used to provide fault tolerant solution. In the following design two firewalls are used. One of the firewall is in active mode (main firewall) and the other one is passive mode (standby firewall). If the active firewall fails the passive firewall takes control. This is best solution to provide the network security and redundancy. Figure 15 Example of fault tolerant firewall implementation [Ref: 16] Test the firewall: After firewall is installed in the network, you should always test that how effect it is and what are the vulnerabilities of this firewall. Testing the firewall can be done by using the network testing tools such as network penetration tools or Port scanning tools. These tools are available in the BackTrack software version 5 for network testing. If you able to hack you own network and bypass the firewall, its means that firewall is effective. In this way you can able to find the vulnerabilities of the firewall and work on these weaknesses to resolve the network security issue. Overall benefits and limitations of firewalls: Benefits of using firewall in the Network: Prevent unauthorized personals in the network. Prevent sensitive information exposure to unauthorized hosts. The flow of data between two networks or between two hosts can be controlled. By the deep examination of the data packet certain protocols can allowed or deny in the network. Security policy rules can be configuring to provide technical control. As all the network traffic goes through firewall, placing the firewall at the edge of the network gives one point of entry for all data. It makes easy to manage one point control connection to outside world. Limitations of Firewalls: As firewall is the single point of entry for all traffic, failure of firewall can cause the disconnection from the internet or other connected networks. Some of the new attacks may not be detected by the firewalls. Hackers try different ways to bypass the firewalls by checking the weakness or vulnerabilities of the specific firewall and attack according to the type of firewall. By placing the firewall on the network edge can slow down the network performance because firewall has to check each packet going in to out of the network. If the firewall configuration is not right it may not stop the attacks. If the packet is encrypted firewall cannot understand Conclusion There is no one firewall which can be placed on the network and network will be 100% secure. So do not rely on just one firewall to provide all kind of protection. In the network use multiple protection devices such as IPS or IDS with the firewall to defence against other attacks. The most important to have network security policy and all users must agree to follow this policy. The firewall devices must be configured according to the security policy of the organization. The network administer should continually review the firewall as the level of the threats changes frequently. The best firewall should reduce the risk of attacks and easier to manage setting. The cost is another important point when selecting the firewall. Lastly when selecting the firewall network requirements, quality of service and performance should be the main consideration because it is the focal point for the traffic going in or out of the network. Too many users and extra load on the firewall can degrade the p erformance of the whole network. So during selection of the firewall consideration of network requirements is the most important stage.

Mind Control Essay

Have you ever walked around a shopping mall intending to go to only one store, yet two hours later you’re still in the mall and you haven’t walked into the only store you planned to go into? What pulled you into the other stores? You were just walking down and all of a sudden you smelled a whiff of some good scent, so you walk into Abercrombie and Fitch. The smell hooked you in and then you began looking at clothes and the time just got the best of you and your money. Abercrombie and Fitch used a form of mind control to hook you in and get you to walk into their store and then buy their product. Today we will discuss the topic of mind control, how it affects us as students today, and how the media shapes our ideals and values with mind control. Mind control is defined in psychology as Social Influence. Social influence occurs every minute of every day. It’s the many ways in which people can manipulate other people’s perspectives beliefs and ethics. For instance, The Compliance Method is intent to make a shift in a person’s behavior, not in his perspective or belief. This is one of the biggest advertising campaigns that are being used so successfully today. It’s the â€Å"Just do it† approach. Persuasion, on the other hand, aims for a change in attitude, or â€Å"Do it because it will make you feel Blissful, Healthy, or prosperous.† Whereas the Education Method (which is called the propaganda method if you don’t believe what is being taught.) attempts to alter a distortion in a person’s beliefs, saying something along the lines of â€Å"Do it because you know it’s the right thing to do.† A common way that millions of people get brainwashed as young adults is as being students. Grading, humiliation, favoritism and other techniques, are used in most school systems to punish and reward certain behaviors and ideas. An abundance amount of kids learn in school for example, that t hey are secondary, stupid, inadequate, untalented , and failures thanks to absentmindedness or intended brainwashing done by teachers, who are commonly themselves brainwashed. Students furthermore learn not to be creative, not to question authority, not to be individuals or do things that differ from the mainstream way. Subconsciously they dread the disciplinary action and humiliation that came when they were in school years before. This is mainly the reason many adults  are afraid to ask their questions and thereafter never learn new things. This condition affects thousands worldwide and limits adult intellectual growth. Perhaps the most powerful, yet the least recognized form of brainwashing is in the media. The media affects our thought patterns, expectations, priorities and relationships. The advertising industry influences parents by making them feel that they can buy their children’s love. They accomplish this through linking love and guilt with the purchase of products. Instead of being a good parent, they minimize they’re guilt by buying their kid the newest product on the market. Parents spend approximately 16 hours a week with their children; while they’re children spend about 40 hours a week on any sort of media. This shocking statistic shows just exactly what is most influential in a child’s life. The media especially preys on kids and teens under the age of 24, because this is when they’re brains are most impressionable. You’ve probably noticed many teenagers imitating the dress and even the speech patterns of the rich and famous. Take the Kardashian’s for example, how many girls do you see trying to talk like Kim or look like Kyle? Isn’t it scary how easily influenced we are by what’s going on around us? Brainwashing happens every minute of every day. Whether it’s from the constant media were always hooked into, our upbringing or just the society we are living in today. Now that we are aware of what’s going on around us, we can make sure we agree with what is being fed to us and not just â€Å"do it† because were told it will make us feel a certain way, because it’s the right thing to do, or just do it because everyone else is.

Parenting Article Comparison: ‘Putting Fathers in the Frame’ and ‘Dads Army’ Essay

The following shall compare to articles about the ‘new age’ father. A ‘new age’ father is one that does most work looking after the child of the family. Dad’s Army is an article from a popular magazine written by Damon Syson that shows evidence of these ‘new age’ fathers and his view that all ‘new age’ fathers should † put down the papoose†. The other an article called ‘Putting Fathers in the Frame’ by Elizabeth Grice from ‘The Daily Telegraph’, that tells us there is no such thing as the ‘new age’ father and tells us that there should be more of them. The essay shall find similarities and differences between the two articles considering several factors: layout, language, and any other relevant comparisons. Firstly we can consider the layout of both articles. The pictures in the article ‘Dads Army’ surround the main article and are of cheesy ‘new age’ fathers in which there are quite a few. This is completely different to what the article in the ‘Daily Telegraph’ that only has one that cracks a joke about fathering. Another difference includes varying spaces between lines, bigger spaces in the magazine article than the newspaper article. One of the main differences includes the narrative. ‘Dads Army’ is written in first person and has the views and opinions of the writer, a man. ‘Putting Fathers in the Frame’ is written in the third person and less personal and direct and doesn’t refer as much to the writer, a woman’s opinions. The magazine article uses celebrities and young men to back up his opinions and evidence of ‘new age’ fathers like Jude Law and David Beckham. This is different to the newspaper article that refers to Prince Charles and unknown professionals to back up its point. ‘Dads Army’ uses much more easier vocabulary than ‘Putting Fathers in the Frame’ in which the vocabulary is far more sophisticated. There is also one more difference within the structure and form of the articles. ‘Putting Fathers in the Frame’ uses hyphens to create a perfect column where the magazine article doesn’t, a word is too big it leads on the next line. The two articles do not only contain differences, they do contain a number of similarities. The paragraph length varies in both articles however they do seem around the same length. Both articles have the use of italics, capital lettering, and rhetorical questioning. The language of the two articles are very different, ‘Putting Fathers in the Frame’ puts down the average father almost telling us that the ‘new age’ father no longer exists and promotes the idea. This is different to ‘Dads Army’ that puts down the idea of ‘new age’ fathering, and tells fathers to act normally. This conflict of belief allows brutal language for ‘new age’ fathers and supportive to normal dads in ‘Dads Army’ and vice versa for ‘Putting Fathers in the Frame’: â€Å"smug dads†¦ just put down the papoose and get over it† and â€Å"sick of†¦ acting like they’re the Neil Armstrong of nighfeeds† These words within these quotes â€Å"smug† and â€Å"Neil Armstrong† really put down these ‘new age’ men whereas the newspaper article really puts them up there and promotes them: â€Å"Many fathers who have wiped a lot of noses (in other words been a ‘new age’ father)†¦ will feel aggrieved to be told they are backsliders† This quote from ‘Putting Fathers in the Frame’ really does give the feeling that being a ‘new age’ father is a good thing. ‘Dads Army’ promotes normal dads the same way the newspaper article promotes new age fathers: â€Å"It’s no walk in the park† This tells us that being a ‘new age’ father isn’t easy and it’s hard to live up to it, normal fathers just do as best as they can for their children, isn’t that good enough? ‘Putting Fathers in the Frame’ on the other hand puts down the ‘average’ father: â€Å"The slobs are back† and â€Å"appalling self-assessment†¦ for it seems his type spends less than five minutes.. with his child† So with both articles having different viewpoints and opinions we get different language for the two groups. The two articles content varies too. As the newspaper article is written by a woman, it is difficult for her to make a necessary judgement on the issue of ‘new age’ fatherhood, so relies on a number of statistics to back up her point, and uses the views of an expert Mr Parsons, executive director of Care for the Family, a family charity. This can be compared with the magazine article ‘Dads Army’ in which the main bulk of the article is in fact the writer’s view, and uses a regular father. Overall the two articles have very conflicting views of the so-called ‘new age’ father and so have very different true content. So the varying views conflict yet share the same topic- fatherhood.

Next of Kin essays

Next of Kin essays The next of kin a documentation of mind matter and love. This book was very inspirational it gives you a whole new outlook on the experience and the feelings of animals. Trying to relate with how much Roger Fouts has accomplished in his life is unbearable he has had so many experiences that have been recorded in this book. It was the type of book that was hard to put down from the beginning. In the next few pages I will discuss parts of the book that really moved me and left an impression on me. There are so many great parts it was hard to pick just a few to look into. I read this book in the first few weeks of school and re-read in the last two weeks, also I have bought a copy for my sister who is very interested in primate psychology and it has so much information and personal experience in it that it is in a way a textbook for primate psychology. Washoe was an extraordinary animal saved out of NASA by very patient and brilliant people, it was very exciting to see the advancements that she had made throughout the book. Not only her but also the few people that had have been working with her. The Gardners the first care takers of Washoe was saved by the Gardners had put a lot of trust into Roger and he proved to be able to accept and work with Washoe from the beginning on. Fouts, started off as a little kid knowing his only monkey to be curious George, never realizing that George was not a monkey but a chimp. Growing up on a farm Fouts was always around many animals tending and working with them. Realizing the importance of the entire animal Fouts than realized the loyalty when his dog brownie had died jumping in front of the tractor to save his fallen brother. The care for animal was in all of the family even the mother who had many old time stories to tell about animal intelligences. A life and environment changing situation had happened when Fouts was about twelve years old and the only ones still...

Societal Effects of the Americ essays

Societal Effects of the Americ essays The American Industrial Revolution had many profound and indelible effects on American society. The enormous expansion of American business and industry promoted a drastic change in the basic division of labor. The basic need of industry is labor, so a great demand for a workforce was created. Growing industrialization caused a huge influx of laborers into cities. As more factories sprang up, labor was expanded to utilize women and children. With expanding business and more workers, workers began to adamantly demand higher wages or more favorable hours; unionization came into full force. The American Industrial Revolution caused major growth of urban populations, precipitated a change the division of labor, and began movements for workers rights The migration of laborers from rural farm life to urban factory life was a major result of Americas industrialization. A fact of economic life is that workers in an industrial setting are able to command higher wages than farm workers. Labor in an industrial setting is simply more efficient than the productivity of farm workers. Because economic systems compensate laborers in accordance with their output rather than how hard or how long they work, industrial labor becomes the obvious choice for a worker. As Chamberlain states in The Enterprising Americans, The productivity for a worker in a factory could be as much as ten times that of their farming counterparts (97). Simply stated, the simple gain in productivity meant a wage increase ten times that of farm work, only by switching to industrial labor. For the great majority of workers, this was too much to resist, causing an exodus of laborers from rural to urban areas and skyrocketing the As factories spread, there was a high demand for workers. However, during the early stages of industrialization, labor was difficult to obtain. In urban areas...

Law of Property Act 1925's Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Law of Property Act 1925's - Research Paper Example The land is defined in the Law of Property Act 1925, s. 205(1)(ix) as including 'the surface, buildings or parts of buildings' and whatever is attached to the land becomes part of the land. This raises, in practice, an important problem relating to ownership of those items which, but for the fact that they are attached to the land, would constitute chattels. The distinction needs to be drawn between those items which are fixtures, and therefore part of the reality, and those which are not, and therefore remain personally. One of the very established presumptions of UK Land Law is that whatever is attached to the land is part of the land as a fixture. Thus, if the land is sold, items which can be classed as fixtures pass to the buyer as part of the reality. There is no need for separate mention of these items in the contract as would be the case for chattels. An object which is brought onto land may be classified under one of three Broadheads. In general, a thing fixed to or in a relationship with the land is a fixture and is legally treated as a party of the land itself. The doctrine, therefore, transforms the personal property into real property. The doctrine of fixtures can have dramatic consequences. In Brand Vs Chris Building Society Pty Ltd a house built on the wrong block of land became part of that land, rendering it the property of the owner of the land. It can be difficult to distinguish between chattels and fixtures. The general rule is that when something is annexed to the land it becomes part of the land. It is, however, very difficult to say with precision what constitutes sufficient annexation. Should first look at extrinsic clues, most notably any contract between the parties.

Professionalism and Ethics in Surveying Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Professionalism and Ethics in Surveying - Essay Example The ethical conduct for a professional surveyor thus dictates that licensees shall engage in the practice of conducting land survey in an ethical manner while at the same time being familiar with the appropriate and recognized codes of the land surveying ethics. Considering the ethics, liability and legal manners for a professional surveyor, a surveyor should justify his actions at all times, be able to demonstrate personal commitment in abiding by the ethical standards in maintaining integrity of professionalism. As part of the liability, it is necessary for the surveyor to uncover sufficient facts in regards to the property being attracted through acting as a fact finder. The quality of these outcomes forms the mark of a professional. As a minimum requirement, the surveyor engaging in looking, finding or using property corner monuments assumes the responsibility of obtaining the copies of all necessary adjoiner conveyances called for in the legal description furnished, obtain all m aps called for, and obtain the pertinent recorder adjoined surveys. The surveyor will also obtain the available public agency maps and when dealing with GLO states, obtain government township plats and field notes. All of these are essential for enhancing the ethics, liability and legal aspects when dealing with corner monuments (Eccles & Kingston University, 1995). Corner monuments are the parcels or lines of easements that are only possible to visualize on the ground through setting markers or with aid of survey monuments.